Corps de texte
David Bell, professeur d’économie à l’Université de Stirling (écosse, Grande-Bretagne) : « Le rôle des questions économiques dans le référendum écossais ».
Type d'article
« Le rôle des questions économiques dans le référendum écossais » par David Bell
Error message
Deprecated function: Drupal\gutenberg\BlockProcessor\OEmbedProcessor::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cache_backend as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in include() (line 576 of /home/clients/389d046660254b1a70042676601e7fb4/sites/becedia/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php).
include() (Line: 576) {closure:Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::initializeIncludeClosure():575}() (Line: 427) Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader->loadClass() (Line: 262) Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\Container->createService() (Line: 173) Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\Container->get() (Line: 429) Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\Container->resolveServicesAndParameters() (Line: 276) Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\Container->createService() (Line: 173) Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\Container->get() (Line: 117) Drupal\gutenberg\Plugin\Filter\GutenbergFilter::create() (Line: 21) Drupal\Core\Plugin\Factory\ContainerFactory->createInstance() (Line: 78) Drupal\Component\Plugin\PluginManagerBase->createInstance() (Line: 81) Drupal\Core\Plugin\DefaultLazyPluginCollection->initializePlugin() (Line: 77) Drupal\filter\FilterPluginCollection->initializePlugin() (Line: 55) Drupal\filter\FilterPluginCollection->getAll() (Line: 84) Drupal\filter\FilterPluginCollection->sort() (Line: 157) Drupal\filter\Entity\FilterFormat->filters() (Line: 109) Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText() call_user_func_array() (Line: 107) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 914) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 447) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 230) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 501) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 126) __TwigTemplate_83070881cc51c1366860657682e8deae->doDisplay() (Line: 411) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 394) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 35) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigThemeEngine->renderTemplate() (Line: 428) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 517) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 230) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 501) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 102) __TwigTemplate_f095acb87b88463b5252dc4392174dfa->doDisplay() (Line: 411) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 394) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 35) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigThemeEngine->renderTemplate() (Line: 428) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 230) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 242) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->{closure:Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer::prepare():235}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer::{closure:Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer::executeInRenderContext():638}() Fiber->resume() (Line: 653) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 235) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 131) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 69) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() (Line: 246) Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher::{closure:Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher::optimizeListeners():241}() (Line: 206) Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners() (Line: 56) Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 188) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 30) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 203) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 140) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 89) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 61) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 54) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 753) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 34) Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run() (Line: 32) require() (Line: 22) require_once() (Line: 13)Deprecated function: Drupal\gutenberg\Parser\BlockParser::parse(): Implicitly marking parameter $filter_callable as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in include() (line 576 of /home/clients/389d046660254b1a70042676601e7fb4/sites/becedia/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php).
include() (Line: 576) {closure:Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::initializeIncludeClosure():575}() (Line: 427) Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader->loadClass() (Line: 138) Drupal\gutenberg\Plugin\Filter\GutenbergFilter->process() (Line: 122) Drupal\filter\Element\ProcessedText::preRenderText() call_user_func_array() (Line: 107) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback() (Line: 914) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback() (Line: 447) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 230) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 501) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 126) __TwigTemplate_83070881cc51c1366860657682e8deae->doDisplay() (Line: 411) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 394) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 35) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigThemeEngine->renderTemplate() (Line: 428) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 517) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 230) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 501) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigExtension->escapeFilter() (Line: 102) __TwigTemplate_f095acb87b88463b5252dc4392174dfa->doDisplay() (Line: 411) Twig\Template->yield() (Line: 394) Twig\Template->render() (Line: 51) Twig\TemplateWrapper->render() (Line: 35) Drupal\Core\Template\TwigThemeEngine->renderTemplate() (Line: 428) Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render() (Line: 504) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender() (Line: 230) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render() (Line: 242) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->{closure:Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer::prepare():235}() (Line: 638) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer::{closure:Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer::executeInRenderContext():638}() Fiber->resume() (Line: 653) Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext() (Line: 235) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare() (Line: 131) Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse() (Line: 69) Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray() (Line: 246) Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher::{closure:Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher::optimizeListeners():241}() (Line: 206) Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->callListeners() (Line: 56) Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcher->dispatch() (Line: 188) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw() (Line: 76) Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle() (Line: 53) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle() (Line: 30) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle() (Line: 28) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 32) Drupal\big_pipe\StackMiddleware\ContentLength->handle() (Line: 203) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch() (Line: 140) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup() (Line: 89) Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle() (Line: 48) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle() (Line: 51) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle() (Line: 61) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\AjaxPageState->handle() (Line: 54) Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\StackedHttpKernel->handle() (Line: 753) Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle() (Line: 34) Symfony\Component\Runtime\Runner\Symfony\HttpKernelRunner->run() (Line: 32) require() (Line: 22) require_once() (Line: 13)